Blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg comes under the category of stage I hypertension and means that you have high blood pressure
Blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg comes under the category of stage I hypertension and means that you have high blood pressure. Blood pressure ranges are as follows:
- Normal blood pressure: Less than 120/80 mmHg
- Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89 mmHg
- Stage I hypertension: 140-159/90-99 mmHg
- Stage II hypertension: 160/100 mmHg or higher
High blood pressure or hypertension is a condition in which there is an increase in the pressure exerted on the wall of the blood vessels, causing damage and thickening. It is often called the iceberg disease or silent killer, as it may not cause signs or symptoms until significant damage has already been done.
Hypertension cannot be cured completely but can be managed to a great extent with lifestyle changes and medications (if needed), which can drastically improve patient outcomes.
How is blood pressure measured?
Blood pressure readings can be done with a sphygmomanometer:
- Manual sphygmomanometer: A cuff is tied to the arm and inflated. The fall of mercury in the device is observed manually using a stethoscope.
- Digital sphygmomanometer: The machine digitally provides a blood pressure reading within a minute.
A blood pressure reading is given in two parts:
- Systolic pressure: This is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts (systole).
- Diastolic pressure: This is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes (diastole).
So in a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg, 120 is systolic and 80 is diastolic pressure.
What are potential complications of hypertension?
Complications of hypertension include:
- Heart failure: Increased strain on the heart as it tries to pump blood into the system can lead to heart failure.
- Aneurysm: Damage to the blood vessels due to increased pressure can result in formation of a protrusion called an aneurysm. If ruptured, it can be fatal.
- Stroke: Thickened blood vessels can cause a decreased blood supply to the brain. Strokes occur when blood vessels in the brain rupture due to persistently high blood pressure.
- Kidney failure: Decreased blood supply to the kidney tissues can cause damage to the kidneys and eventually lead to kidney failure.
- Dementia: Hypoxic damage (due to reduced oxygen supply) to the brain tissue can lead to memory loss and brain damage.
SLIDESHOW
How to Lower Blood Pressure: Exercise and Tips See SlideshowWhat are treatment options for hypertension?
Mild cases of high blood pressure are primarily managed with lifestyle modifications, such as
- regular exercise and
- a diet that is low in salt and high in fiber and potassium.
However, very high blood pressure may require medications such as:
- Beta-blockers -By blocking the effect of norepinephrine and epinephrine, beta blockers reduce blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and heart rate.
- Diuretics -Diuretics are among the oldest known medications for treating high blood pressure.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors -ACE inhibitors are blood pressure medications that inhibit the activity of the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is important for controlling blood pressure.
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers - Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are medications used to treat elevated blood pressure or hypertension.
- Calcium channel blockers(CCBs) - CCBs inhibit the movement of calcium into muscle cells. The reduction in calcium reduces the force of the heart's muscular pumping action (cardiac contraction) and thereby reduces blood pressure.
More Health News »Medically Reviewed on 10/5/2022
References
Image Source: iStock Images
Alexander MR. Hypertension. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241381-overview
Basile J, Bloch MJ. Overview of hypertension in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-hypertension-in-adults
