Measles and scarlet fever were differentiated from one another in the 17th century. Rubella was accepted as the third distinct pediatric exanthem (rash) in 1881. What were thought to be two distinct forms of rubella were then described and it was proposed that one of these forms of rubella was a separate entity that was called fourth disease. For many years, fourth disease was considered a non-entity, perhaps a mild form of scarlet fever, but certainly not a distinct disease. Now it is clear that fourth disease is caused by exotoxin-producing Staph aureus.
Fourth disease is also known as Filatov-Dukes disease or Dukes' disease.
Fourth disease is a disorder characterized by a rash due to a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus (Staph aureus bacteria). Measles and scarlet fever were differentiated from one another in the 17th century. Rubella was accepted as the third distinct pediatric exanthem
exanthem
An exanthem is a widespread rash occurring on the outside of the body and usually occurring in children. It is usually caused by a virus, but an exanthem can be caused by bacteria, toxins, drugs, other microorganisms, or as the result from autoimmune disease.
Dukes' disease, named after Clement Dukes, also known as fourth disease or Filatov-Dukes' disease (after Nil Filatov), is an exanthem. It is distinguished from measles or forms of rubella, though it was considered as a form of viral rash.
The name "sixth disease" comes from its place on the standard list of rash-causing childhood diseases, which also includes measles (first), scarlet fever (second), rubella (third), Dukes' disease (fourth, but is no longer widely accepted as distinct from scarlet fever), and erythema infectiosum (fifth).
For many years, fourth disease was considered a non-entity, perhaps a mild form of scarlet fever, but certainly not a distinct disease. Now it is clear that fourth disease is caused by exotoxin-producing Staph aureus. Fourth disease is also known as Filatov-Dukes disease or Dukes' disease.
Fifth (erythema infectiosum) and sixth (roseola infantum) diseases are common rash illnesses of childhood that have long been recognized in clinical medicine. The discovery of the viruses that cause these illnesses has revealed relationships with other syndromes.
Fifth disease is a mild illness caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. It is rarely serious. Its most obvious symptom is the bright red rash or “slapped cheek” look of the face. The disease occurs most often during the late winter and early spring in children between the ages of 4 and 10.
Roseola (roe-zee-OH-lah) is a viral illness that most commonly affects kids between 6 months and 2 years old. It's also known as sixth disease, exanthem subitum, and roseola infantum. It is usually marked by several days of high fever, followed by a distinctive rash just as the fever breaks.
There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases (including both genetic and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and physiological diseases.
The oldest known diseases include cholera, typhoid, leprosy, smallpox, rabies, malaria, pneumonia, tuberculosis, trachoma and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, each documented through various means including bone lesions, DNA testing and ancient texts.
Pneumonia. Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death among children under 5, killing approximately 700,000 children a year. In many parts of the world, a child dies from pneumonia every minute – even though the disease is entirely preventable and can be easily managed with antibiotics.
Dental cavities (also known as caries or decay) is the most common chronic disease in children: it is about 5 times more common than asthma and 7 times more common than hay fever1.
In 1980 WHO declared smallpox eradicated – the only infectious disease to achieve this distinction. This remains among the most notable and profound public health successes in history.
History. Common symptoms of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection include a mild nonspecific prodromal illness that may consist of fever (15-30% of patients), malaise, headache, myalgia, nausea, and rhinorrhea; typically beginning 5-7 days after initial infection.
Fifth disease is a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19. This disease, also called erythema infectiosum, got its name because it was fifth in a list of historical classifications of common skin rash illnesses in children. It is more common in children than adults.
Slapped cheek disease is characterised by bright red cheeks, a cold-like illness and, sometimes, an itchy rash on the torso and limbs. It commonly affects primary school children and is not dangerous for most people.
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